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ABSTRACT Introduction: An isokinetic test refers to the test of the force of a muscle or muscle group during centripetal and centrifugal movements at a constant speed in the whole range of joint motion by means of a isokinetic force tester. Objective: To explore the application of the knee centripetal flexor and extensor muscle groups in the blood oxygen saturation of high jumpers. Methods: Eighteen teenage female high jumper athletes above level 2 in a city sports school were selected. Their ages was 16.89±1.02 years old; height, 168.31±6.32cm; weight, 55.36±6.75kg. Results: At 60° S and 120° S test speed, the peak moment of the extensor muscle group on the same side of the knee was significantly greater than that of the flexor muscle group (P<0.05), while at 240° S test speed, it was the opposite. There was a significant difference in the peak moment of the flexor muscle group on the left and right side of the knee (P<0.01). Conclusions: The function of the dynamic muscle strength test system is one of the methods of studying the human muscle function. and can be used to test and evaluate the general strength of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: Um teste isocinético se refere ao teste de força de um músculo ou grupo de músculos durante movimentos centrípetas e centrífugas a uma velocidade constante em toda a amplitude de movimento articular por meio de um verificador de força isocinética. Objetivo: Explorar a aplicação dos grupos musculares flexor e extensor centrípetos do joelho na saturação de oxigênio do sangue de saltadores de altura. Métodos: Dezoito saltadoras de altura adolescentes acima do nível 2 em uma escola esportiva urbana foram selecionadas. Suas idades em anos eram 16.89±1.02; altura, 168.31±6.32cm; peso, 55.36±6.75kg. Resultados: A 60° S e 120° S a velocidade de teste, o momento de pico do grupo muscular de extensão do mesmo lado do joelho era consideravelmente maior do que aquele do grupo muscular de flexão (P<0.05), enquanto a 240° S a velocidade de teste foi o contrário. Houve uma diferença importante no momento de pico do grupo muscular flexor nos lados esquerdo e direito do joelho (P<0.01). Conclusões: A função do sistema de testes de forca muscular dinâmico é um dos métodos para o estudo da função muscular humana e pode ser usado para testar e avaliar a força geral de atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Un test isocinético se refiere al test de fuerza de un músculo o grupo de músculos durante movimientos centrípetos y centrífugos a una velocidad constante en toda la amplitud de movimiento articular por medio de un verificador de fuerza isocinética. Objetivo: Explorar la aplicación de los grupos musculares flexor y extensores centrípetos de la rodilla en la saturación de oxígeno de sangre de saltadores de altura. Métodos: Se seleccionó dieciocho saltadoras de altura adolescentes arriba del nivel 2 en una escuela deportiva. Sus edades eran 16.89±1.02; altura, 168.31±6.32cm; peso, 55.36±6.75kg. Resultados: A 60° S e 120° S la velocidad del test, el momento de pico del grupo muscular de extensión del mismo lado de la rodilla era considerablemente mayor que aquel del grupo muscular de flexión (P<0.05), mientras a 240° S la velocidad del test fue el contrario. Hubo una diferencia importante en el momento de pico del grupo muscular flexor en los lados izquierdo y derecho de la rodilla (P<0.01). Conclusiones: La función del sistema de test de fuerza muscular dinámico es uno de los métodos para el estudio de la función muscular humana y puede usarse para testar y evaluar la fuerza general de atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.
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Objective @#To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of leprosy reactions in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019, so as to provide reference for the control of leprosy.@*Methods@#Through the national leprosy management system, the new leprosy cases in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019 were recruited to analyze the incidence of leprosy reactions in different demographic characteristics and leprosy clinical features. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for leprosy reactions.@*Results @#Totally 191 leprosy cases were investigated. The incidence rate of leprosy reactions was 29.32%; the the incidence rate of typeⅠand type Ⅱreaction was 16.75% and 9.42%, respectively. There were 33 leprosy reaction cases (58.93%) before multidrug therapy (MDT) , 13 cases (23.21%) during 0-6 months of MDT, 5 cases (8.93%) during 7-12 months of MDT, 3 cases (5.36%) during over 12 months of MDT, and 2 cases (3.57%) after MDT. The results of the multivariate logistic analysis showed that the cases who were 35 years old or below (OR=2.245, 95%CI: 1.006-5.008) , were not floating population (OR=3.442, 95%CI: 1.394-8.494) , were infected outside family (OR=3.878, 95%CI: 1.075-13.993) and were smear positive (>0+,OR=4.514, 95%CI: 1.365-14.926; >3+,OR=4.727, 95%CI: 1.443-15.485) were risk factors for leprosy reactions.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of leprosy reactions is high in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019, and is associated with age, floating population, source of infection and BI.
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Objective To explore the distribution of lactate and base excess in children with Tetralogy of Fallot in perio-perative period, its dynamic variation and its relationship with prognosis.Methods Perioperative arterial lactate level was dy-namically monitored in 1 552 children with tetralogy of Fallot.According to the prognosis, 1 505 subjects were assigned to sur-vive group, and 47 subjects to nonsurvive group.The lactate and base excess levels of all subjects were collected after induction (T1), after protamine administration(T2), and 24 h(T3) after surgery in the intensive care unit(ICU).Results The pa-tients who could not survive showed significant elevated lactate levels as compared to patients who survived after surgery [(7.91 ±5.76)mmol/L vs.(1.20 ±0.51)mmol/L, P＜0.05].However, in nonsurvivors, the BE value decreased signifi-cantly in the ICU period in comparison to survivors[(－1.91 ±5.09)mmol/L vs.(2.52 ±2.85)mmol/L, P＜0.05].Logis-tic regression analysis was performed, indicating the elevated lactate and depressed base excess levels measured 24 h after sur-gery were independent risk factors.Conclusion The dynamic monitoring of lactate and base excess levels in the perioperative period in patients with tetralogy of Fallot were sensitive indicators to assess severity , to guide treatments, and for the prognosis. In the perioperative period, when the lactate increased and(or) base excess levels decreased, the mortality rate increased as well.lactate and base excess levels measured 24 h after surgery in the ICU were independent risk factors that significantly in-creased the mortality rate.
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Objective To explore the short-term results of arthroscopic medial retinaculum placation (MRP) and lateral retinaculum release (LRR) in treatment of patients with traumatic patellar dislocation. Methods 17 cases (6 male, 11 female) with traumatic patellar instability from March 2012 to December 2015, with an average age of 16.8 years old (range from 14 to 37 years old). All of the patients had a clear history of trauma and experienced patellar dislocation for the first time, the patients experienced patellar dislocation 1 to 4 times preoperatively. The arthroscopic examination was undertaken before the repairing to observe the injured site of the medial retinaculum and the patellar track, as well as the dynamic patellofemoral congruence. All patients underwent arthroscopic MRP and LRR minimally invasive procedure. Results All patients were followed up for 9 to 28 months averaging (19.7 ± 1.3) months. The fear test was negative after operation. There was no redislocation during follow-up and their ranges of motion returned to normal. Postoperative CT images showed 15 cases regained normal anatomical relation of patellofemoral joint. 2 cases had mild semi-dislocation. Lysholm's score averaging (51.8 ± 4.5) points preoperatively and (92.4 ± 2.8) points postoperatively. According to Insall scale, the results were excellent in 11 knees, good in 5 knees, and fair in 1 knee at 1 year after operation with an excellent and good rate of 94.1％. Conclusions Arthroscopic MRP and LRR showed satisfactory results with limited morbidity in the short-term follow-up. This method can make the patients smaller wound,quicker recovered and lower recurrence rate.
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Scenario-based teaching method can be applied in clinical skills training of obstetrics and gynecology,which increases practice opportunities of interns by imitating the real clinical work.For professional examination teaching,teachers and simulation models as simulated patients help interns improve inspection skills and provide error feedback timely; for emergency and severe diseases teaching,real cases combined simulation models,medical equipment,and multi-professional collaboration develop the clinical problem-solving competence of interns; for doctor-patient communication teaching,the communication skills of interns can be improved by scenario database which has been constructed by teachers; and for clinical skills test,the clinical practice quality of interns can be reflected accurately by integrating various clinical skill tests.Scenario-based teaching requires a large amount of scenario materials,as well as highly qualified teachers who can control the teaching process effectively.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Congenital heart defects with intractable hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries without intercourse or with intercourse stenosis is unsuitable for surgical correction or regular palliative procedures. We reported our experience with combined palliative procedures for congenital heart defects with intractable hypoplasia pulmonary arteries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2001 to 2012, a total of 41 patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects and intractable hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries underwent surgical procedures. From among them, 31 patients had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the other 10 cases had complicated congenital heart defects with pulmonary stenosis. Different kinds of palliative procedures were performed according to the morphology of the right and left pulmonary arteries in every patient. If the pulmonary artery was well developed, a Glenn procedure was performed. A modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or modified Waterston shunt was performed if pulmonary arteries were hypoplastic. If the pulmonary arteries were severely hypoplastic, a Melbourne shunt was performed. Systemic pulmonary artery shunts were performed bilaterally in 25 cases. A systemic-pulmonary shunt was performed on one side and a Glenn procedure was performed contralaterally in 16 cases. Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were unifocalized in six cases, ligated in two cases and interventionally embolized in two cases. There was one early death because of cardiac arrest and the hospital mortality was 2.4%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five patients suffered from postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, three had perfusion of the lungs, and two pulmonary infections. Systemic pulmonary shunts were repeated after the original operation in three cases due to the occlusion of conduits. The mean follow-up time was 25 months. The pre- and the post-operation left pulmonary indices were (8.13 ± 3.68) vs. (14.9 ± 6.21) mm(2)/m(2). The pre- and post-operation right pulmonary indices were (12.7 ± 8.13) vs. (17.7 ± 7.78) mm(2)/m(2). The pre- and post-operational pulmonary indices were (20.87 ± 9.43) vs. (32.6 ± 11.7) mm(2)/m(2). They were all significantly increased (P < 0.001). The diameter of the pulmonary artery increased after the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt ((5.51 ± 0.94) mm(2)/m(2) pre-operation vs. (7.01 ± 1.97) mm(2)/m(2) post-operation), the modified Waterston shunt ((5.70 ± 3.96) mm(2)/m(2) pre-operation vs. (9.17 ± 3.62) mm(2)/m(2) post-operation) and the Melbourne shunt ((2.17 ± 0.41) mm(2)/m(2) pre-operation vs. (7.35 ± 2.49) mm(2)/m(2) post-operation) (all P < 0.05). Bilateral pulmonary arteries developed well as compared to their pre-operation development. Hemoglobin decreased from (194 ± 27) to (174 ± 24) g/L (P < 0.05) and peripheral oxygen saturation increased from (65 ± 11)% to (84 ± 6)% (P < 0.001). During the follow-up of 27 to 49 months, ultimate complete repair was performed in four cases and one patient underwent a Glenn procedure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The procedures should be considered on a case to case basis in patients having hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries with cyanotic congenital heart defects. Combined palliative operations could be an adequate strategic treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Defects, Congenital , General Surgery , Lung Diseases , Palliative Care , Pulmonary ArteryABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Artemisinin was first extracted from the herb Artemisia annua which has been used for many centuries in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. It has been given the 2011 Lasker-DeBakey clinical medical research award. In this paper, knowledge map of artemisinin research was drawn to provide some information for global researchers interested in artemisinin and its relevant references. Methods: In this work, bibliometric analysis and knowledge visualization technology were applied to evaluate global scientific production and developing trend of artemisinin research through Science Citation Index (SCI) papers and Medline papers with online version published as following aspects: publication outputs, subject categories, journals, countries, international collaboration, citations, authorship and co-authorship, author key words and co-words analysis. The Thomson Data Analyzer (TDA), Netdraw and Aureka software were employed to analyze the SCI as well as Medline papers data for knowledge mapping. Results: Global literature of artemisinin research has increased rapidly over the past 30 years and has boosted in recent years. Seen from the statistical study in many aspects, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, and Chemistry are still the main subjects of artemisinin research with parasitology and tropical medicine increasing quickly. Malaria Journal and American Journal of Tropical Medicine are top productive journals both in SCI and Medline databases. Quantity and quality of papers in US are in a leading position, although papers quantity and active degree in developing countries such as P.R. China, Thailand and India are relatively high, the quality of papers from these countries needs to be improved. New emerging key words and co-words remind us that mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, artemisinin-based alternatives, etc. are the future trends of artemisinin research. Conclusion: Through bibliometric analysis the development trends of artemisinin research are predicted. With further development of artemisinin research, it is presumed that scientists might concentrate mainly on the synthesis of new compounds with activity, action mechanism, new artemisinin-based combination therapy regimens, etc.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The present study was aimed to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral bidirectional superior cavopulmonary shunt (b-BDG and u-BDG) on pulmonary artery growth and clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 51 subjects enrolled in this study were divided into two groups: those receiving b-BDG (n = 21) and those receiving u-BDG (n = 30). Clinical records were reviewed retrospectively at a mean of 43.3 months after BDG procedures. Chi square and t-tests were performed to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Left and right pulmonary artery diameters increased 27% - 37% in both groups. The pulmonary artery index increased 37.2% after b-BDG and 27.0% after u-BDG. b-BDG patients experienced a significant decrease in mean hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value, and a correlated change in postoperative diameter of left pulmonary artery (LPA) and pulmonary artery index (y = 0.2719, x = -1.8278; R = 0.564, P = 0.008). The change ratio of hemoglobin and postoperative LPA were also correlated in b-BDG patients (y = -0.0522x + 0.3539; R = -0.479, P = 0.028). Only one b-BDG patient versus twelve u-BDG patients needed total cavopulmonary connections 31.8 months after BDG surgery (P = 0.0074). Moreover, only one (4.8%) b-BDG patient but eight u-BDG patients (26.7%) developed pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>b-BDG increases bilateral pulmonary blood flow and promotes growth of bilateral pulmonary arteries, with preferable physiological outcomes to u-BDG. Results may imply that subsequent Fontan repair may not always be needed.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Methods , Fontan Procedure , Methods , Heart Defects, Congenital , General Surgery , Lung , Pathology , General Surgery , Pulmonary Circulation , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between pulmonary pathological features and clinical physiology of congenital heart defects (CHD) with decreased pulmonary artery blood flow.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between July 2001 and May 2006, 18 patients with CHD with decreased pulmonary artery blood flow undergoing palliative or definitive repair and having lung biopsy intraoperatively were enrolled in this study. The patients' age was 0.4 - 8.0 years, and body weight was 6.0 - 20.0 kg. The method of semi-quantitative morphometric technique and an image analyzer were applied to measure the following indices of pulmonary microvessels: the percentage of media thickness (MT%), the percentage of media section area (MS%) and numbers of microvessels per square centimeter (VPSC). The diameters of left pulmonary artery (LPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA) were measured with two-dimensional echocardiography. The percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), hemoglobin concentration (HB) and hematocrit value (HCT) were examined and recorded preoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant negative correlation between SpO(2) and HCT or Hb (R(2) = 0.4914, P = 0.001 and R(2) = 0.5505, P < 0.001), the variation trend of these three variables was linked. There was a negative correlation between SpO(2) and the body weight (R(2) = 0.2208, P = 0.049), which is in accordance with clinical features of aggravated process of cyanosis and hypoxia. The morphological observation of lung biopsy specimens indicated that most of peripheral pulmonary arteries were distended, irregular and their walls were uneven, and "lake" type of pulmonary AV malformations were observed. There was a positive correlation between VPSC and the body weight or BSA (R(2) = 0.5472, P < 0.001 and R(2) = 0.5233, P = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between VPSC and LPA or RPA (R(2) = 0.4312, P = 0.003 and R(2) = 0.2463, P = 0.036). It was shown that the diameter of central pulmonary arteries could be a reflection of peripheral pulmonary artery growth. The diameter of LPA also correlated with the diameter of RPA (R(2) = 0.286, P = 0.022).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For patients with congenital heart defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow, the pulmonary pathological changes are the bases of their clinical physiologic features. It is suggested that they should be treated in their earlier stage of life.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Heart Defects, Congenital , Pathology , Lung , Pulmonary Artery , Congenital Abnormalities , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of different antegrade pulmonary blood flow on the further development of pulmonary artery after Glenn procedure in cyanotic congenital heart defects (CHD) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between October 2000 and December 2006, 132 CHD patients with decreased pulmonary artery blood flow underwent bidirectional Glenn shunt, among them 18 patients received intraoperative lung biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups according to their different sources of antegrade pulmonary blood flow: antegrade arterial blood flow group (n = 33) and antegrade venous blood flow group (n = 99). The percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hemotocrit (Hct) value were examined and recorded before and after operation. The diameters of left pulmonary artery (LPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA) were measured with two-dimensional echocardiography and the results were used to calculate the pulmonary artery index (PAI). The method of half-quantitative morphometric technique and an image analyzer were used to measure the following indicators of pulmonary microvessels: the percentage of media thickness (MT%), the percentage of media section area (MS%), vascular numbers of per square centimeter (VPSC), and mean alveolar number (MAN).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before the operation, obvious cyanosis was found in both groups, while SpO2, Hct, and Hb were not significantly different (P > 0.05). LPA, RPA, and PAI were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). The MT% and MS% in antegrade venous blood flow group were significantly less than those in antegrade arterial blood flow group (P < 0.05), but VPSC and MAN were not significantly different (P > 0.05). After Glenn procedure, hypoxia and cyanosis were remarkably improved in both two groups. There was a significantly negative correlation between SpO2 and Hct (r = -0.49, P < 0.01) or Hb (r = -0.196, P < 0.01 ). The PAI increased by 22% in antegrade arterial blood flow group and 44% in antegrade venous blood flow group (P < 0.05). The diameters of LPA and RPA in antegrade venous blood flow group were significantly larger than those in antegrade arterial blood flow group (P < 0.05) and the growth of RPA in antegrade arterial blood flow group was not significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A better pulmonary artery growth occurs in the patients of pulmonary stenosis after Glenn shunt than in those of pulmonary atresia, and it contributes to an earlier completion of Fontan procedure.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Blood Flow Velocity , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Heart Defects, Congenital , General Surgery , Pulmonary Artery , General Surgery , Pulmonary Veins , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the treatment method and outcome of mesially or horizontally impacted mandibular molars.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven patients with mandibular impacted molars, including 9 horizontally impacted molars and 5 mesially impacted molars were treated with fixed appliance in conjunction with molar band soldered with pushing spring. Crowns of impacted molars were moved occlusally and distally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All mesially or horizontally mandibular impacted molars were uprighted and brought into occlusion. Mean treatment period was 7.4 months (6 to 12 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This orthodontic molar uprighting technique was effective in uprighting and distalizing the impacted molars.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Molar , Pathology , Physiology , Orthodontic Appliances , Orthodontics, Corrective , Methods , Tooth, Impacted , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors of long-turn survival of liver cancer after surgical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred and twenty-two cases of liver cancer that received surgical treatment in 14 years were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison between the small liver cancer (< 5 cm) and the greater one (> 10 cm) revealed that the small liver cancer had a higher survival rates than the greater one [3 year (61.25 +/- 4.41)% versus (45.90 +/- 6.98)%; 5 year (53.84 +/- 5.68)% versus (30.21 +/- 10.23)%]. There were same results between single-nodule and two or more than two nodule [3 year (61.86 +/- 3.69)% versus (38.31 +/- 4.97)%; 5 year (55.40 +/- 4.91)% versus (28.01 +/- 6.31)%], between child I and child II or more than II [3 year (60.68 +/- 3.68)% versus (49.88 +/- 4.13)%; 5 year (50.99 +/- 5.10)% versus (36.39 +/- 7.58)%], and between single segmentectomy of the liver and two or more than two segmentectomy [3 year (68.65 +/- 4.95)% versus (49.88 +/- 4.13)%; 5 year (65.38 +/- 5.69)% versus (37.98 +/- 5.70)%].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Small liver cancer, single-nodule, good hepatic function and minor resection were important factors to prolong survival further.</p>